Touching The Void By Joe Simpson - 1197 Words

Throughout the novel, Touching the Void, the author, Joe Simpson, describes his perilous journey through the Siula Grande in the Peruvian Andes. It is through the two key turning points in the story that humanity s greatest struggles, fears, and revelations can be discovered through how Joe and Simon react in their varying situations. In the beginning, two mountaineers, Joe and Simon, venture upon the Siula Grande. After reaching the summit relatively quickly, they begin their descent without much, if any, hesitation. In fact, the top of the mountain, which is the greatest spectacle of the climb, isn’t seen as jaw-dropping by the protagonists as we think it’d be. As Joe puts it, â€Å"we took customary summit photos and ate some chocolate. I†¦show more content†¦It can be applied to any emotion in humans, including the lack of accomplishment in Joe and Simon. They need to experience the fall to appreciate the climb. Saying that, does this mean that humans are destined to fail? Afterall, it’s the only way we can learn from our mistakes and become more complex individuals. Perhaps this means that humanity can never be perfect. Maybe flaws are supposed to happen. Because, if we’d never make mistakes, there wouldn’t be any progress; and we wouldn’t have any emotional range due to things always being so perfect. So, without flaws, would we still be human? Stuck in the middle of a blizzard, Simon has to lower Joe, who’s broken his leg, down the mountain with a waist-attached rope. This goes well until Joe slips off the cliff face and is left hanging in midair, off the mountain. However, Simon just thinks it’s just taking him a long time to make his way down; it’s much different than that. As Joe puts it, â€Å"there was at least 100 feet of air below my feet!† For hours, Joe tries his best to climb back up the rope using a Prusik knot. But Simon has just about run out of patience. So, in a sudden move, he cuts the rope, causing Joe to plummet to his doom. This can show a lot about how humans react to things. Despite Simon not knowing Joe’s situation, he willingly cuts the rope without further investigation. He didn’t know whether Joe’s leg was just stuck, or whether he might’ve just had another injury. Either way, heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Touching The Void by Joe Simpson634 Word s   |  3 PagesThe subject of the book Touching The Void Is about three adventurers that climb a mountain and have something go terribly wrong. Joe, Simon, and Richard ascend the mountain in search of the summit. â€Å"Of rough walking and, and surrounded by by ice mountains.† Page 15. Richard stays at the base camp while Joe and Simon head out. â€Å"What time you’ll be back?† Richard asked. Page 20 Joe and Richard reach the summit of the mountain and on the descent Joe breaks his knee. They try to make it back down butRead MorePredicament of Climbers Simpson and Yates in Touching the Void563 Words   |  2 Pagesto give Simpson every chance to work out a solution to his predicament. However, I believe there is evidence that suggests Yates was justified by cutting the rope. This evidence is such as the fact that if Simpson had been left hanging any longer he would have died anyway, there was no line of contact between Yates and Simpson, and if Yates had of waited any longer he would have died as well. If Simpson had been hanging any longer, he would have died anyway. In the film Touching the Void (2003)Read MoreThe Environmental Sciences2282 Words   |  10 Pagesconservation. A famous climber named Joe Simpson survived a 150 ft fall on one of the most dangerous ascents of Peru’s Siula Grande. His climbing partner Simon Yates was force to cut his partners rope, because he was being dragged off the side of the mountain. In their documentary, Touching the Void, Simpson faces the camera and says â€Å"You gotta keep making decisions, even if they’re wrong decisions, you know. If you don’t make decisions, you’re stuffed.† Simpson does not blame Yates for the decisionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesglass ceiling The invisible barrier that blocks females and minorities from ascending into upper levels of an organization. WORKPLACE ISSUES If It’s Offensive . . . Sexually explicit language. Obscene jokes. Suggestive remarks. Inappropriate touching. Sharing a questionable e-mail or photo. Some employees would find some or all behaviors on that list offensive. The fact that some people are offended by some or all of the above can place those actions squarely under the heading of â€Å"sexual harassment

History Of The Financial Crisis During The Great...

HISTORY OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS There have been many accounts on what the financial crisis was and how it started with different people giving different opinions on what caused the crisis. According to the IMF (international Monterey Fund), it is said to be the worst financial crisis since the Great depression of the 1930’s. The first claims that the chief root was government involvement in the housing market, this contribution is said to have overvalued a housing bubble and resulted in the crisis. Another attributes the financial crisis to greedy wall street bankers who intentionally influenced the financial market to take advantage of homeowners and mortgagers, deliberately making the financial system vulnerable for their personal satisfaction. A third account underlines both global economic forces and failures in U.S. policy and supervision. This account states that a high influx of money into the economy caused bankers to look for resourceful ways to make profit. This resulted in the inflation of housing prices with the hopes of reselling at a higher price between 6 months to two years. Banks also introduced an adjustable rate mortgage (sub-prime mortgages) which allowed borrowers to vary their monthly payments. That meant the overall principal grows over time, compared to normal mortgages where the balance owed reduced over 30 years to zero and the debtor owns the house and is not obliged to make any more payments. If the price of houses kept going up and the debtorShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe great depression of the 1930’s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, I’ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific aspects during these different times. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solutions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard not to mention the 1930’s great depression. AuthorsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Great Depression and Unemployment: Discussion Questions1271 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Principles of Macroeconomics 1 ________________________________________________________________________ Q. 2: The Great Depression The Great Depression started in 1930 and lasted until 1939. It can be regarded as the worst depression the world has ever seen in the history. Spread across various nations, the Great Depression badly hampered each and every aspect of the economic, business, political, and social life. The most affected regions due to this economic slump were North America, EuropeRead MoreEssay on Separation of Commercial Banks and Investment Banks1309 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience of the US banking system has suggested that merge of commercial and investment banks is a better approach to achieving stability. After the global financial crisis, the American economy went into recession. The policy priority of American government was then to intervene into its banking system so as to mitigate the impact of the crisis. One advantage of the merger of banks is that it can improve the overall condition of the economy (Khan, 2012). The merger of banks unites small and weak unitRead MoreThe Great Depressio n Through The Artist s Eyes1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1929, the Western industrialized countries succumbed to a bleak period of time known as the Great Depression. This economic collapse, which persisted for ten long years, was preempted by the stock market crash on Wall Street, buying on credit, supply and demand along with the Dust Bowl of the Great Plains. During this economic state of crisis, the unemployment rate had risen from 3% to 25%, almost 13 million Americans were jobless. Many people could not pay their rent or mortgages. PeopleRead MoreGlobal Effects Of The Great Depression Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesGrace Young Dr. John R. Dabrowski American History II, AMH-2020-H01 7 December 2016 Global Effects of the Great Depression When the American stock market crashed on the infamous Black Tuesday in October 1929, the resulting circumstances were felt worldwide. This crisis resulted in a devastating economic collapse. The ensuing Great Depression was in fact a global event. The world was not immediately engulfed by this wave of economic decline. The timing of economic events varied greatly among nationsRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of the Great Depression Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagescause of The Great Depression. In fact, The Great Depression was caused by a series of factors, and the effects of the depression were felt for many years after the stock market crash of 1929. By looking at the stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, reduction of purchasing, American economic policy with Europe, and drought conditions, it becomes apparent that The Great Depression was caused by more than just the stock market crash. The effects were detrimental beyond the financial crisis experiencedRead MoreThe Crisis O f 2008 And Its Effects On The Economy1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crisis of 2008 has been the worst financial crisis since the devastating era of the Great Depression. The Crisis of 2008 just like the Great depression left millions of people unemployed, and homeless. After the crisis the causes were viewed like speculation, fragility of the system, and greed of the managers which adversely affected the market. The effects of a financial crisis are truly devastating to the economy, and many people that live in the country of which it occurred. There are manyRead MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagesexceptions were the United States, which returned to the Gold Standard in June of 1919 and England, which returned to the Gold Standard in April of 1925. While the U.S. took the post –war position as the world s largest creditor and entered a period of unprecedented prosperity, England faced major financial difficulties, with a decision to maintain an overvalued exchange rate, for political reasons rather than economical reasons. The 1920s was a period of prosperity for the United States. The productivityRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291437 Words   |  6 Pagescustomers money in the stock market (without their consent). With the stock market prices rising, everything seemed fantastic. Many believe incorrectly that the stock market crash of 1929 is the same as the Great Depression when in fact; it was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression. At first, there was no massive drop. Stock prices began to fluctuate in September and early October of 1929, and then on October 18 the plummet began. People started to panic, and on October 24, a record

London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies Free Essays

string(130) " is why it is essential for hospitals to start looking forward toward more sophisticated business strategies in order to succeed\." Introduction The London Bridge Hospital has many facilities like air conditioned rooms that ensure that the patients are comfortable while receiving treatment at the hospital. It is easily accessible from both the city and the southern counties. The London Bridge Hospital just like other hospitals within the United Kingdom is a large and complex organization that heavily relies on different strategies to provide good care to the patients. We will write a custom essay sample on London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Healthcare operations management as a discipline integrates both qualitative and quantitative aspects of management in determining the most optimal and efficient methods of offering support to the patients in the hospitals (Teoh, Pan Ramchand, 2012, p. 588). The London Bridge Hospital uses operations management methods and strategies in understanding and improving labor productivity, shortening cycle times, improving the overall experience of patients, and reducing waiting lines. All these contribute to the overall financial health of the hospital. Operational methods and strategies in the Healthcare Industry In the healthcare industry and in particular hospitals, healthcare operations is a summation of all the functions that allow the hospital staff to offer their services to the patients in the best possible way. Chahal (2010, p. 362) says that the various transformations going on in the healthcare industry across the world are driving the people working in hospitals and other healthcare facilities to also adopt the reforms in their daily operations. The management of the London Bridge Hospital is aware of the fact that operational efficiency is critical to the success of any business organization. This is particularly so because the opinions developed by the patients on the hospital plays a big role in determining not only whether they will come back or not but also on the messages that they pass to their peers who are also potential clients to the hospital (Stock McDermott, 2011, p. 145). The London Bridge Hospital faces many different challenges that range from resource utilization, improvement of care, to lowering the costs to the patients. Reduction of the bottlenecks and implementation of solutions to the common problems are vital in ensuring the success of the hospital in both the short and long run. The hospital has both internal and external customers. The external customers of the London Bridge Hospital are the patients and other people who visit the hospital and its other premises for help. In particular it includes the patients, their friends, family members or any other representatives. Harper (2002, p. 169) says that the internal customers on the other hand are the facilities and the hospital staff. The employees of the hospital often buy products like medicine from the hospital store, come for treatment whenever they get sick and refer their friends and relatives to come to the hospital. The latter category of customers is very important in determining th e success or failure of the hospital as they are not only customers of the hospital, but also offer service to the external customers. This is why the management of the London Bridge Hospital does its best to ensure that its employees are well remunerated and have good working terms. As already outlined, the external customers are the people receiving services from the hospital. These customers expect the hospital staff to adapt a more personal approach in executing their service and willingness to keep them happy. The internal customers on the other hand expect that the different departments in the hospital should function efficiently in order to improve their work experience. For example, the central department should always ensure that all the instruments used in patient care are properly sterilized and stored in their right places (Dwyer et al 2010, p 519). They should also ensure that the doctors get the right instruments when they need them. This is an important department in the hospital as the nurses, other hospital staff and doctors depend directly on it and its efficiency has a direct impact on the external customers. Operational objectives Healthcare operations management as a discipline integrates different principles of scientific management in determining the most optimal and efficient methods in supporting the delivery of care to the patients. Although the London Bridge Hospital does not have a department named operational management, most of the positions in the hospital involve roles of coordination and execution of different operations. Nearly 85% of hospitals are nonprofit in nature as they are there to serve the community in which they operate (Dey, Hariharan, Clegg, 2006, p. 861). Some nonprofits hospitals are often exempt from paying some taxes and are not required to continuously show positive growth rates or large profit margins like is done by most publicly traded companies. However, if a hospital fails to show positive return on the capital invested then there will be negative consequences on the economy. For instance, if a hospital fails to show reasonable margins, then the public bond market (the publ ic bond market finances most of the healthcare growth today) will likely record sub-par credit ratings. Sachdeva, Williams Quigley (2007, p. 162) claim that the consequence of this is that the bonds will have poor yields hence rendering the hospitals less than stellar investments for bondholders. The limited profit margins imply that there will be little money to invest back in the business to ensure that the buildings are updated, technology innovated, equipment replaced and clinical programs continue to expand and be enhanced. Without the investments, the hospitals will lose the ability to attract the most qualified administrators and physicians and the downward spiral will continue. While some healthcare systems and hospitals at times wait for changes in public health policy to save them, some competitive and successful ones like the London Bridge Hospital act in advance in order to save their margins. The current economic climate is characterized by perpetual pricing pressures that affect the top of the line income statement. In fact more than 50% of all hospitals report negative profit margins (Sinreich, Jabali, 2007, p. 301). This is why it is essential for hospitals to start looking forward toward more sophisticated business strategies in order to succeed. You read "L ondon Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies" in category "Essay examples" The London Bridge Hospital uses differentiated marketing strategies and programs, long term planning on service lines and broader use of advertising in order to be able to succeed in its business operations. It does this in tandem with adopting broader logistical and operational techniques into the business affairs of the hospital. The London Bridge Hospital monitors and maximizes labor productivity for all the medical support and allied health professionals as a way of maintaining salary expenses. The other strategies that other hospitals have adopted but are not currently in use by the London Bridge Hospital include: Incorporation of methods of scheduling optimization and queuing theory to eliminate time wastage and cycle time out of hospitals. Incorporation of techniques of logistical and supply chain in reducing operational expenses. Elimination of excess safety stocks. General improvement on the management of the working capital. Use of technology in the automation and streamlining of all the hospital operations to reduce operational costs and maximize efficiency. The hospitals and other healthcare organizations cannot depend on the extrinsic factors like shifts in managed care market structures and health policy as tools for changing their margin potentials. Although the macro level issues are important, the organizational and micro economic issues are more important as they have a strong and direct impact on a particular organization. In fact all the microeconomic issues are a function of operational management. As such, operational management is a set of intrinsic decisions and processes that assist in addressing productivity, costs, process and technology (Ford et al 2004, p.26). Healthcare is a primary service sector because the industry provides intangible goods to the customers. The goods here cannot be seen or touched. The services provided by the London Bridge Hospital and other hospitals in the industry are somewhat unique, differentiated, knowledge based and have high levels of customer interaction (Teoh, Pan, Ramchand, 2012, p.588). There are also physical goods that accompany the service in the hospitals which the supply chain procures and replenishes. The hospitals also store medical supplies and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, in this regard hospitals have a mix of both tangible and intangible characteristics. It is these attributes that make operations management in hospitals a little different from those of other industries that strictly produce physical goods. It is in this regard that Harper (2002, p 171) defines healthcare operations management as the quantitative management of processes and supporting business systems that transform resources (inputs) into healthcare services (outputs). Inputs in this case refer to the resources and assets like equipment, labor, technology, cash, personnel and space. The outputs include actual production and delivery of healthcare services. Quantitative management uses extensive quality improvement techniques, optimization and analytical tools to drive improved results. Healthcare operations management integrates quantitative or scientific principles in determining the most optimal and efficient methods of supporting patient care delivery. Functions of Healthcare Operations Management Healthcare operational management is a relatively new field in healthcare although it has been in existence in the other industries for many years. Its scope includes all functions related to business processes and management systems that underlie clinical care. It includes physical labor, physical network optimization, workflow, process engineering, supply chain and logistics management, capacity design, staffing and productivity management (Lorence Jameson 2002, p 749). The healthcare operations and logistics management includes all the business functions that provide job opportunities for the people like administrators, operations supervisors and scheduling manager. Operations Management Objectives or Issue to consider Workflow processHow many manual processes exist? Are there ways of reducing steps, cycle time and choke points for the key processes? Can we improve speed and patient satisfaction? Are there too many departments or people performing the same task? Capacity design and planningHow to reduce bottlenecks to improve the experience of patients? In which case to increase the use of technology to improve labor productivity? Staffing levels and productivity managementHow much output to expect from the employees? Have we maximized the use of automation and electronic commerce in increasing productivity? Quality, planning and process improvementDo we know how to compare the key competitors? Do we use advanced tools for tracking projects? Have we identified the quality issues that affect the goals of customer satisfaction and efficacy? Physical layoutAre the hospital facilities designed with the consideration of traffic flow, operational efficiency and consideration of speed? Physical network optimizationHow to strategically utilize vendors and their facilities Where to strategically position the different facilities like pharmacy satellites, supplies and warehouses in order to minimize costs and resources. Supply chain and logistics managementHow much inventory needed at a particular time Whether or not to use perpetual inventory in ensuring stringent internal controls and accurate financial reporting Have we built collaborative planning and forecasting processes to standardize items and reduce total costs? The goals of operational management The operational management team in the hospital is tasked with different goals and functions in the hospital that include reduction of variability, costs, improve logistics, business processes, productivity, flow of logistics, and quality of customer service. These are explained in more details in the following sections Reduce costs The primary role of operational management is to take out the costs of the healthcare system. It finds waste, improves utilization, stabilizes and reduces the overall costs of service delivery. A hospital that has an appropriate management and tracking system with the ability to isolate material, personnel and other resources utilized for delivery of care is more likely to reduce the costs of operation because it has a good understanding of the underlying cost structure (Teoh, Pan, Ramchand, 2012, p. 591). Once the costs have been identified and all unnecessary wastes eliminated then an organization can operate efficiently. Reduce variability and improve the flow of logistics The operations management team should continually look for more efficient and optimal ways of moving both physical and information resources. This should go together with reducing variability. Chahal (2010, p355) defines variability as the inconsistency or dispersion of inputs and outputs. Variability disrupts processes because it leads to uncertainty, too few or many resources and inconsistent results. For instance, if there are 30 patients seeking treatment in a certain hospital within a specific period, and then in the following period the number doubles or triples it creates problems for the employees in terms of controlling waiting times and general management of patient flows. An improvement in flows means higher yields or throughput with the same level of resource input. Shapiro Shapiro (2003, p246) define throughput as the velocity or rate at which goods are delivered or services performed. In the hospital situation, if a hospital attends to ten patients per hour and can inc rease the number to 15 per hour then this represents a 50% improvement in throughput and logistical flow (Miller, Sumner, Deane, 2009, p. 156). In the same manner, if the number of patients in the hospital doubles and the hospital manages to maintain the same historical inventory levels of pharmaceutical supplies then this is a significant improvement in material flow owing to the higher level of capacity utilization. Resource consumption and staffing should be directly tied to workload and patient volumes (Cowen, 2008, p.410). If the number of patients increases the quantity of the resources should equally increase. Good management of this variability allows a change in staffing mix and scheduling to accommodate the changes without staffing at the low points, valleys or peaks. Improve Productivity Improving productivity means looking for higher levels of output from all employees and other assets. This ensures that the hospital is operating optimally with high levels of efficiency by not only eliminating bottlenecks but also making efficient use of the available resources within the organization (Leury, Jean-Louis, Sicotte, 2003, p58). Improve the quality of customer care Improving quality means reducing medical errors and improving the safety of the patients. Additionally, constant improvement and maintenance of high quality service levels in terms of both patient care and other business services like admissions and cafeteria is also important. In the healthcare industry just like other industries, higher quality services leads to the ability to secure higher prices and this has the effect of driving an increase in operating margins and market shares (McCue McCluer, 2008, p 36). Ensuring an improvement in the patient satisfaction levels and reducing waiting and response times simultaneously ensures that the patients get higher quality services. Continuously improve Business Processes In the highly structured organizations like hospitals, business processes often tend to be unique in all departments as they are not integrated or highly cross functional. For example the operating room of a hospital may handle the procurement of a certain good in a certain way while the gynecology department of the same hospital handles it in a totally different way. Miller, Sumner, Deane (2009, p. 110) assert that in large hospitals most departments operate as independent businesses which lead to multiple problems of efficiency. This is where operations management comes in as it ensures that efficiency and effectiveness are greatly improved in the organization. Recommended Changes From the analysis it is clear that the London Bridge Hospital is performing fairly well in terms of operational management although there are areas that the hospital management needs to work on in order to improve the general performance of the organization. First off the hospital should incorporate methods of scheduling optimization and queuing theory to eliminate time wastage and cycle time out of hospitals. Efficient scheduling and queuing methods will improve the experience of the customers by eliminating unnecessary time wastage. The hospital should also incorporate techniques of logistical and supply chain as a way of reducing operational expenses.Improved logistics and throughput in the hospital will increase the workflow and overall capacity (Noon et al 2003, p97). The London Bridge Hospital should tie staffing and resource consumption directly with workload and patient volumes. This will ensure that if the number of patients increase, then the number of resources should equ ally increase as a response. Once the hospital manages to efficiently deal with the variability in the number of patients, it will have created a change in the staffing mix and scheduling to accommodate any changes. Staffing at the peaks leads to excessive costs whereas staffing for the valleys leads to periodic long lines because of the limited resources. The success or failure of the hospital depends directly on its readiness to cope well with the valleys and peaks without disrupting the normal flow of operations. This is where technology comes in as it automates most if not all of the manual processes. It also improves transaction processing capabilities and the quality of analysis, reports and organizational decisions. This will alter all the economics of the hospital because mechanization allows for faster production and delivery using relatively less resources. Substituting capital or technology for labor especially in the department of business support services will reduce tr ansactional and processing costs in the long run. As such, the role of technology in enhancing productivity is one which the London Bridge Hospital should take into consideration. Conclusion Although operations management is a relatively new phenomenon in the healthcare industry compared to the other industries, it is important to the industry because hospitals face the same challenges just like the other business organizations. The London Bridge Hospital is already making use of most of the principles of operational management although it still needs to implement some changes in its way of operation as highlighted in the discussion. These changes will ensure that the hospital continues to perform well both in the short and long run. Hospital operational management will help the London Bridge Hospital to deal efficiently with the challenges that it is currently facing. Additionally, this paper has shown that the manner in which the hospital responds to the valleys and peaks is critical to its performance. Hospital operational management has the solution for this as it puts in place mechanisms that ensure that the organization makes optimal and efficient use of its resour ces to achieve the best results without any shortages or wastages in terms of resource allocation and utilization. Bibliography Chahal, H. 2010, â€Å"Two component customer relationship management model for healthcare services†, Managing Service Quality, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 343-365. Cowen, M.E., M.D., Halasyamani, L.K., M.D., McMurtrie, D., M.D., Hoffman, D., R.N., Polley, T., M.D., Alexander, J.A., PhD. Banko, P.D., F.A.C.H.E. 2008, â€Å"Organizational Structure for Addressing the Attributes of the Ideal Healthcare Delivery System/PRACTITIONER APPLICATION†, Journal of Healthcare Management, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 407-18; discussion 419. Dey, P.K., Hariharan, S. Clegg, B.T. 2006, â€Å"Measuring the operational performance of intensive care units using the analytic hierarchy process approach†, International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 849-865. Dwyer, Alison J, MBBS, MBA, MHSM,F.R.A.C.M.A., F.C.H.S.M. 2010, â€Å"Medical managers in contemporary healthcare organizations: a consideration of the literature†, Australian Health Review, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 514-22. Ford, R., Boss, R.W., Angermeier, I., Townson, C.D. Jennings, T.A. 2004, â€Å"Adapting to Change in Healthcare: Aligning Strategic Intent and Operational Capacity†, Hospital topics, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 20-9. Harper, P. R. (2002). A framework for operational modeling of hospital resources. Health Care Management Science, 5(3), 165-73. Leury, M., Jean-Louis, D. Sicotte, C. 2003, â€Å"The role of regional planning and management strategies in the transformation of the healthcare system†, Health Services Management Research, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 56-69. Lorence, D.P. Jameson, R. 2002, â€Å"Adoption of information quality management practices in US healthcare organizations: A national assessment†, The International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 737-756. McCue, M.J. McCluer, R.F. 2008, â€Å"Financial and Operational Ratios for Bond-Insured Hospitals†, Hospital topics, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 37. Miller, W.J., Sumner, A.T. Deane, R.H. 2009, â€Å"Assessment of Quality Management Practices Within the Healthcare Industry†, American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 105-113. Noon, C.E., Hankins, C.T., Cote, M.J. Lieb, M. 2003, â€Å"Understanding the impact of variation in the delivery of healthcare services / Practitioner application†, Journal of Healthcare Management, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 82-97; discussion 97-8. Sachdeva, R., Williams, T. Quigley, J. 2007, â€Å"Mixing methodologies to enhance the implementation of healthcare operational research†, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 159-167. Shapiro, J. Shapiro, R. 2003, â€Å"Towards an improved collaboration model for the national healthcare system in England and Wales: A critical and constructive approach using operational research†, Logistics Information Management, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 246-258. Sinreich, D., Jabali, O. (2007). Staggered work shifts: A way to downsize and restructure an emergency department workforce yet maintain current operational performance. Health Care Management Science, 10(3), 293-308. Stock, G.N. McDermott, C. 2011, â€Å"Operational and contextual drivers of hospital costs†, Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 142-58. Teoh, S. Y., Pan, S. L., Ramchand, A. M. (2012). Resource management activities in healthcare information systems: A process perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 14(3), 585-600. How to cite London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies, Essay examples

Process free essay sample

The Process Essay ? You will be writing an essay that explains some sort of process. You will need to think carefully about your topic. Write a five paragraph essay explaining how to do something. Use steps to explain the process. Your goal is to make the explanation so detailed and clear that anyone could pick up your essay, follow the steps, and complete the process correctly. Please aim for a full and interesting introduction, not just one or two sentences. Remember, your thesis statement will come at the end of your intro. ? Remember, thesis statements are different depending on what type of essay you are writing. For the process essay, your thesis statement may look like one of the following: ? Some common transitional words and phrases used for the process essay: Firstlastlyfor example Secondfinallyconsequently Nextalso Thenin addition ? Divide your three central paragraphs into organized steps.It is fine if you have more than three steps to your process; your job is to divide all steps into three clearly written and well organized paragraphs. You must plan it ahead of time. The exact time will depend on a lot of inconsistencies that take experience to manage. Find a source or talk to your butcher. The breed of the pig doesn’t really matter, but find out the cost, and make sure you know how many guests are coming to your party. If you have ten to fifteen guests, then you will need at least a thirty pound pig, and when you are ordering a larger roasting pig, you will need to figure two pounds per person. According to my source, typically, a dressed pig that weighs less than a hundred pounds will cost two dollar and fifty cents per pound, and a live pig costs one dollar and fifty five cents per pound. The dressed pig costs more than the live pig, and for a good reason. If you are the type of person who can handle the job, and have an â€Å"iron gut†, you are more than welcome to choose the live pig. But, if you are like me, and don’t want to go through the disgusting process of slaughtering, dressing, and removing the organs and intestines, then I strongly suggest buying a pig that is already clean. It will save you time and energy. My plan is to invite thirty to thirty five people for my party, and to make sure that I will have enough, I need at least a seventy pound pig, which will cost me one hundred seventy five dollars. It might not sound very expensive to you, but in the Philippines, it is lavish! You can buy at least two whole live pigs for that same amount of money. The next step is to prepare the pig pit and the rotisserie. When making your own pig pit, make sure the ground is level. Clear the area by removing the grass, and then prepare an all dirt or sand base at least two to four inches thick. Keep the pit at least twenty feet from the house, and make sure to keep a fire extinguisher on hand in case there is a grease fire. It is better to be safe than sorry. I’m assuming everyone knows how to make a fire. All you need is a lighter, a newspaper, and a lot of charcoal or wood. When buying a rotisserie, make sure that it is strong and sturdy, and it is weight tested for more than what your pig weighs. This is very important. You will use it to lift the whole pig into position over the fire. To get the perfect, crunchy, and tasty lechon, you need to brine the pig for three days and marinate the pig for two hours to give it extra flavor, and to tenderize the meat at the same time. When brining the pig, use a generous amount of kosher salt for brining the skin, and instead of using water, use coconut water for rinsing the salt. Coconut water has a little sweetness, and that will add extra flavor to the skin. Use a clean fifty-to-seventy-gallon drum, add the brine mixture with five gallons of water, and stir the mixture with a paddle until the ingredients are dissolved. Add the pig, tail down, to the drum; add water until the entire pig is submerged. Then you can add two to four bags of ice to the drum. For a whole pig, you will have to leave the pig in the brine for two days. Remove the bags of ice and replace it after every twelve hours. When marinating the pig, you will need six heads of garlic peeled and minced, two ounces of cracked black pepper, twelve large finely chopped onions, two pieces of fresh ginger root each the size of your hand peeled and crushed, five cups of lemon juice, a handful fine chopped scallions, two cups of vinegar, six cups olive oil, and one liter soy sauce to marinate the entire pig. Mix all the ingredients the day before and stir often. Rub the mixture generously inside and outside of the whole pig. You don’t have to marinate the pig for several hours, two hours before the roasting process will be enough. Do not presume that after marinating and brining the pig, you can start cooking it. We are not quite ready yet! Adding a substantial amount of stuffing ingredients such as salt and pepper, two bunches of thyme and rosemary, a fistful of scallions, three heads of minced garlic, five large chopped onions, three sliced lemons, a handful of lemon grass, and adding twenty plantain or potatoes will provide an aromatic and scrumptiously flavored meat. Set aside the stuffing ingredients and ask for help to do the next step. Remember, the whole pig is quite heavy, so you will definitely need extra help do it. Using a bamboo spit (traditionally used in the Philippines), or a solid metal rod, pierce the pig from the mouth to the anus. Once you have completed the process, you can generously add the stuffing ingredients in the cavity, fill the whole body cavity, and slice a thin layer in between the rib cage and the skin section using a sharp knife; then fill the area with a fistful amount of rosemary, thyme and lemongrass. After successfully stuffing the pig, apply the trussing procedure by sewing the abdomen area together using a heavy-duty kitchen twine or wire to keep the stuffing intact, and secure the head and both feet of the pig tightly. Start your fire at the maximum temperature of three hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit, and gradually adjust it to a low temperature of between one seventy five and two hundred degrees, because we don’t want to overcook the skin. Shuffle the coals around so they all light evenly. Also, keep adding charcoal to maintain the fire and the temperature. Roast the whole pig for a long period of time (five to twenty four hours depending on the weight), constantly turning the rotisserie and brushing the skin with olive oil to develop a nice brown color. Be patient! Most importantly, make sure that the entire body of the pig reaches at least one hundred ninety degrees Fahrenheit. The hindquarters and shoulders will be the last portions to completely cook. Whole pig roasting is extremely hard to get right because the cooking time varies depending on the weight of the pig and temperature outside. It may take longer than what you expected depending on the weather forecast, you might want to look at the weather ahead of time so you will be prepared. The challenge with the whole pig is that there are so many muscles of different thickness with different degrees of fat. The longer the pig is cooked, generally, the better it will turn out. Cook the seventy pound pig about five to ten hours, and watch out for the dripping fat, brush off the fat before it drips down on the coals. It can cause a grease fire that can easily engulf the whole pig. I’m sure you don’t want the whole pig to go to waste and be in the news or on a YouTube video, â€Å"a pig roast gone wrong†, right? It is good to have the fire extinguisher on hand for precaution in case it happens. Keep an eye on the proceeding! After about sixty minutes, sooner if necessary, start another half bag of coals on the side, and add the hot coals as needed before the temperature starts to drop. You want to try to keep the temperature as steady as possible at two hundred degrees. Keep a snack and a bottle of water with you, or a beer, but don’t drink too much, so you won’t feel drowsy; stay awake! However, if you need to leave for a valid reason, make sure that somebody will keep an eye on the pig, and continue the procedure. But you can’t rush the process or predict the time it will be ready to eat. You will know it is done when it is done. It will be ready when it is ready. And to make sure that it is fully cooked, you will need a meat thermometer to test the meat. When it is ready, put a layer of foil in the table (if you don’t have a lechon platter, which is big enough to hold the whole pig) and serve the pig. I prefer to serve the sauce on the side so people can taste the different meats infused with the aromatic flavor of the spices. That way I can offer several kinds of sauce, a citrusy soy â€Å"calamansi† sauce, a traditional Filipino barbeque sauce. To make it, mix soy sauce, hot red pepper, vinegar, and calamansi, a native citrus plant in the Philippines. Sweet and chili sauce, and the famous â€Å"Mang Tomas† sauce, a popular brand name of all-purpose sauce that every Filipino loves, made from water, sugar, breadcrumbs, vinegar, salt, spices, pepper, and liver. In order to find out whether the lechon is perfectly cooked, take one bite of the skin. When you hear the crackling, crispy sound, you know it’s ready! Try to pull out one part of the ribs, and when you notice the moist luscious texture of the meat, and delightful aroma of the spices that is making your mouth water, you know it will be scrumptiously delicious! Grab a bowl of hot, steamed rice and a chilled beer, and enjoy your meal!

The Causes Of Deficit Financing In Pakistan Economics Essay free essay sample

The purpose of any authorities is to carry through the socioeconomic duties in order to interrupt the barbarous rhythm of poorness and besides elate the economic conditions. In Pakistan it has been practiced that the sum of revenue enhancement aggregation and no revenue enhancement aggregation grosss are non ample to run into the authorities outgo. To carry through the spread between the disbursement and grosss so the economic expert used the perceptual experience of shortage funding. The authorities borrowing from banking and non banking sector and publishing new currency is called shortage funding. Deficit funding shows the difference between projected outgo and projected disbursement. To make full the spread of authorities borrows from 1 ) province bank of the state 2 ) borrow from commercial Bankss 3 ) borrows from non fiscal sector such as salvaging centres, insurance companies 4 ) the last beginning is publishing new notes known as shortage funding. Deficit funding is a state of affairs where authorities spends more money than its gross aggregation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes Of Deficit Financing In Pakistan Economics Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deficit funding is used for different intents the chief intent of shortage funding is used to stop the recession when the economic activity slow down in order to recover the economic system in the better state of affairs. In the 3rd universe states like Pakistan the shortage funding becomes the demand due to bad administration, deficient disbursement policies, corruptness, revenue enhancement equivocation, and deficient revenue enhancement aggregation. In the West the phrase Deficit Financing is used to explicate the deliberately create a difference between public grosss and expenditures or the budget shortage. This spread or difference can be filled by public adoption, commercial Bankss, and cardinal bank. The idle economy of is used to make full this spread that in bend addition the employment and end product of the state. Deficit funding is the most of import tool of bring forthing capital in developing and developing states. In developed state the new currency notes are used to back up the public investing that in bend increases the growing rate of a state. The authorities used the borrowed money for the development purposes i.e. railroads, roads, air services, societal overhead capital, schools, infirmaries etc. The shortage funding is besides used to increase the economic activity of a private sector in the state. The pecuniary enlargement in developing states attached with high rate of borrowing from Bankss and international beginnings to finance their budget shortage, budget shortage is the one factor that contributes in disequilibrium in the balances of payments. In developing states authoritiess are unable to mobilise or utilize their domestic resources due to inefficient revenue enhancement system, in such states the capital market are besides developing and the involvement rate determines institutionally. In such fortunes the supply of money addition that causes an addition in the monetary value degree. There are different beginnings of financing the economic development ; these resources are domestic resources and foreign resources. Domestic resources are those in which the authorities fundss through revenue enhancement, public adoption, and the economy of authorities that include the excess and besides include the shortage funding. The foreign beginning of finance consists of loans, grants, and private investing. The significance of both domestic and foreign resources has their ain in developing states. The most of import thing is used to put to death these resources in a manner that maximal benefit can be achieved for rapid development. 1.1 Background of the job Pakistan is a big state with a population of 17.50 million in 2010. The economic system of Pakistan is still confronting the low degree of per capita income that is stranded at 699 US $ in December 2012. In Pakistan the ratio of the budget shortage is different in different old ages. From last two decades the budget shortage is 5.4 % to 8.7 % of GDP. The mean shortage rate was 6 % in the period of 1970and it was 7.6 % in the period of 1980.In 1990s the shortage ratio was decreased to 6.4 % of GDP due to a decrease in development outgo. The ratio was non achieved by heightening the revenue enhancement system but due to the decrease in the development outgo. The Pakistan revenue enhancement system is still narrow and punctured due to the hapless and weak revenue enhancement disposal. The balance of payments shortage has become a lasting job of Pakistan s economic system. For the last 50 old ages Pakistan has been confronting continuously from a current history shortage. The international loans are used to finance the shortage. The debt service charged more than 5 % of the GDP of the state. With big budget shortage there is demand of rapid growing of domestic recognition. In developing states the function of free capital markets is limited. The chief beginning of authorities shortage is financed by the banking system. Like other developing states Pakistan is besides confronting a big budget shortage as the most outstanding job. Deficit funding is besides responsible for high rising prices rate, diminish growing rate, and low chances for private investing. Pakistan faces different rates of the budget shortage in different old ages. In last two decennary the budget shortage ratio was 5.4 % -8.7 % of GDP. The ratio was 7.6 % in 1980 s the ratio became 7.6 % in 2001- 2002. The rate of budget shortage in Pakistan has grown systematically with the transition of clip. At the clip of 80sthe budget shortage has increased every bit much as faster than the early periods and touched the ratio of 8.4 % in 1987-88. The rate of budget shortages has decreased to 7 % but that ratio was besides considered high one of the experts. Due to big budget shortage there was a high rate adoption is used to responsible for an addition in the domestic debts since 1980-81. In the period of 90 s the terrible state of affairs faced by the State Bank of Pakistan to command rising prices within the targeted bound and do certain the macroeconomic stableness. In the financial twelvemonth of 1998 and 2003 the rate of rising prices was 4.6 % that were comparatively lesser the best rate. In early 1973 and 1980 the rising prices rate was two digit figures that were 14.3 % . The rate of rising prices controlled in the period of 1980 that was 7.2 % per annum but unluckily the rate of rising prices once more grown to 10 % per annum. The high rate of rising prices besides caused due to extra money supply, financial instabilities, and shortage finance beginnings. 1.2 Problem Formulation Chaudary and Hamid ( 2001 ) Pakistan are confronting terrible obstructions of bring forthing public gross. The relentless failure in attainment of public gross leads the populace sector to depend on public adoption. The consequence is that the public debt goes to increase the rate of 90 % of GDP and the rate of budget shortage addition to 8 % of GDP. The figure of budget shortage lead to dual digit rising prices ( ref ) . These instabilities adversely affect the economic system. These jobs all are interconnected with each other in order to diminish the populace revenues that in bend create the hinderance to run into the demands of the public outgos. In this respect the attempts are made to better the revenue enhancement system that is non based on the scientific attack, that s why the to achieve the mark of accomplishing the projected mark failed continuously. The consequence is that it is non merely used to run into the demands of development undertakings because at that clip it non able to run into the demand of the current outgo. In Pakistan the less than 1 % population is taxpayer. Harmonizing to the economic study of ( 1998-99 ) Pakistan has experienced the sustainable growing rate more than three decennaries till 1990. Pakistan s economic system grew at the rate of 6 % per annum more than three decennaries but the state of affairs became inauspicious in 1990. The aggregation of revenue enhancement besides became really inauspicious at a satisfactory degree. The other developing states like Pakistan at the age of early growing need to acquire higher gross than the developed states. Due to the obstructions that prevail in acquiring the higher growing rate this could take to the unsustanability to last. Harmonizing to the economic study of 1998-99 the growing rate of Pakistan goes to toss off at 4.5 % per annum, the ratio was approximately 6 % in the last 3 decennaries and same ratio was 3 % for few old ages. The shortage finance is the consequence of failure in an addition in the populace sector to increase their nest eggs. The tendency shows that the attempts made in roll uping revenue enhancements do non run into the demand of the populace. It is of import to observe that Pakistan is non achieving the targeting gross through revenue enhancement. Harmonizing to universe development study ( 1979, 1991and 1997 ) the rate of revenue enhancement collection in the other developing states is 25 % . In the period of 1998-99 the revenue enhancement deficit was about 20 % ; it shows that there is demand of elaborate survey of the revenue enhancement reform system. The economic crises over in 2008, Pakistan have enjoyed greater economic activity. The policy shaper in Pakistan s battles a conflict against the crisis hit in 2008-2009. The sudden addition in the oil monetary values besides causes the dismaying state of affairs for the shortage in foreign debt and besides diminish the value of the rupee. Pakistan made attempts to seek the international pecuniary fund after the Alliess of China, USA, and Saudi Arabia to decline to supply the financess to the state in October 2008. Pakistan has provided the US $ 1 billion loan for 23 months. Pakistan asked the IMF to raise their loan from US47.6 billion to US $ 12.1 billion in February 2009. In grand 2009 the IMF increases the clip span to 25 months and increase the grant to US $ 11. 3 billion to run into their fiscal demands. 1.3 Previous surveies Ishfaq and Chaudhary ( 1999 ) The debt history of Pakistan started in 1984-85, when the excess grosss turned into a shortage. The financial shortage and debt converted into multiple rates. The entire shortage rate was Rs 89.2 billion in 1990-91 that rate was increased to 66 % in 1997-98 and about to Rs 148 billion. The domestic debt was increased to 185 per centum the sum increased Rs 448 billion to Rs 1280 billion and foreign debt increased to 156 per centum the sum was Rs 272 billion to Rs 697 billion in the same clip period. Pakistan has an chance to make some steps for the constitution of the macroeconomic index instead than to travel for shortage funding for bring forthing the gross. In the mid of the 2008 the Pakistan started registering the instability in the overall economic system. At the terminal of the 2008 the Pakistan financial shortage was increased to $ 5.6 billion that exceed to $ 8 billion. The trade shortage besides increases to $ 13 billion to $ 18 billion. Foreign modesty has fallen to diminish to $ 6.5 billion. ( Baig, 2011 ) Pakistan forced to take the aid from the IMF in order to acquire funding for the shortage finance of their economic system. The aid provided by the IMF was the bundle of $ 6.7 billion that was subsequently increased to $ 11.3 billion in 2009. The IMF besides helped Pakistan by supplying bilateral and many-sided assistance that besides causes to increase external debt and liabilities to $ 54 billion from $ 41 billion in January 2008. Pakistan is besides used to sovereign bonds and sindak bonds in order to utilize another signifier of shortage funding. This besides creates a job for a state to buy back these bonds harmonizing to their specified clip tabular array or agenda because different states have different foreign currencies. In these state of affairs investors does non demo their concern toward the investing. ( Baig, 2011 ) These both steps are taken by the international market that is non so plenty for the demands of the Pakistan and so authorities compelled toward the 3rd manner of shortage finance monetisation. The Pakistani authorities relies on the domestic adoption that is the cause of disparities in the debt kineticss. The domestic debt adoption increased to 24 % in the mid of 2008. Pakistan domestic debt was multiplied from Rs 2610 to Rs 4490 in the financial twelvemonth of 2007.At the terminal of March 2010 Pakistan domestic debt was $ 53.2 billion which was appoximately30.6 % of GDP. All the beginning of the shortage finance is neglecting to achieve the coveted consequences and take the economic system toward the negative way. By the mid of 2010 Pakistan s entire domestic debt reached to $ 100 billion and there is already paid involvement about $ 5.6 billion and debt service amounted $ 7.6 billion yearly that was expected to traverse the bound of $ 10 billion after the financial twelvemonth of 2010-11. ( Baig, 2011 ) Deficit finance works merely when there are such sound policies that direct the contrivers that how to pass money in a manner that raise debt, generate grosss and besides plan some actionable thoughts that directs that how to refund the debt. For the attainment of all these marks there should be a demand of honest and sincere governors that Pakistan does non hold. In this manner we are able to increase the debt and lifting the liabilities that is utile for the approaching coevals to pay off that. The money that is used to pass on the hereafter of the Pakistani people should besides be spent on the hereafter of Pakistan that could be served as the bureaucratism, foreign visit, corruptness and authorities officials. Today the Pakistan debt state of affairs is dismaying and we have no programs that how to raise sustainable grosss and holding no thought that how to roll up the external and domestic debt. We have really few and tough picks to do serious and valuable determinations. ( Baig, 2011 ) Causes of Deficit Financing in Pakistan The chief causes of shortage funding in Pakistan are: Addition in authorities outgo: The authorities expenditures both development and non development are increasing as clip base on ballss. The authorities has non been able to run into the outgo by its grosss. Ineffective budget shortage: There are uneffective financial policies implemented in Pakistan and financial undiscipline besides result the public debt. Fiscal shortage: The mean financial shortage in 1990s was 7 % of GDP. The public debt increased from 66 % of GDP in 1980 that about 100 % by the mid of 2000. In 2004-2005 the financial shortage was 3.3 % of GDP nevertheless ; it increased to 4.2 % in 2006-2007. Low economy: The people of Pakistan are ingestion oriented. Due to high ingestion rate the salvaging ratio was lower than 16 % . Rapid population growing: The rapid population growing besides a chief cause to decelerate down the economic activity of a state. Harmonizing to economic study of 2007-2008 the population growing was 1.8 % . In developing states the addition in money supply is one of the major causes of disequilibrium in the balance of payment with heavy authorities borrowing from Bankss and every bit good as from international beginning of finance. In such developing states authorities relies on the shortage funding due to unable to utilize their domestic beginnings due to the inflexible revenue enhancement construction. The capital market of such developing states is non able to find the involvement rate and the involvement rate was determined by the establishments that in instance the consequence of extra money supply. Purpose Statement The principle of this survey is used to prove the theory of association that relates the dependent variables and independent variables. Here in this survey the factors ( exchange rate, rising prices, revenue enhancement, involvement rate ) that is affected by the shortage funding are independent variables and GDP is dependent variable. Its individualism will be statistically restricted in this survey. Aim of Study The undermentioned aim will be paying consideration to steer the survey. To analyze the impact of shortage finance on the exchange rate To analyse the consequence of shortage funding on the revenue enhancement rates. To analyze the impact of shortage finance on the involvement rate. Significance of Study Our survey is about the impact of exchange rate, rising prices, revenue enhancements and involvement rate on shortage funding. In which we will see that how the factors are straight or indirectly affect by the shortage funding.

Project Plan for Whitbread World Sailboat Race

Project Plan for Whitbread World Sailboat Race Free Online Research Papers The Whitbread World Sailboat Race is a nine month round the world race. Bjorn Ericksen has been chosen to head his country’s crew. This entails development of a design, construction of the vessel, and formation of a crew to train for competition in the upcoming Whitbread Sailboat Race. This project must be completed within a 45 week time frame and maintain a planned budget of $3.2 million. Management of this current project requires analyzing of Ericksen strategy, the plan to reduce project duration, the project closure approach, and completion of the project. This paper will show the advantages of crash time, maintaining of performance, budget overruns cost and completion of the project. First one must begin with the strategy of the project. Bjorn Ericksen Project Strategy Analysis Bjorn Ericksen has been selected to represent his country for the Whitbread World Sailboat Race as the project manager. â€Å"Bjorn is pleased and proud to have the opportunity to design, build, test and train the crew for next year’s Whitbread entry for his country.† (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 305) To begin compiling his winning team Bjorn has hand picked to key person for the team. He has chosen as his chief design engineer, Karin Knutsen and as his master helmsman, Trygve Wallvik. Both men will have the responsibility of getting next year’s entry ready for the entries parade in the United Kingdom. The parade takes place on the Thames River which signals the beginning of the race. Bjorn sees two parallel path running through the project; design and construction and training of the crew. The new crew will need to train on the previous year’s vessel until this year vessel is complete and ready for trails. The goal is to have the crew ready to compete and a winning vessel within the next 45 weeks, with the cost of $3.2 million. The new vessel must be ready within the 45 weeks to leave port to begin the race in the United Kingdom. The Whitbread Round the World Yacht Race began in England in September 1973. The race itself was conceived by the Royal Naval Sailing Association over a pint of beer some 30 years ago and was sponsored by a London-based brewery company. Each year countries enter sailing vessels in the nine-month Round the World Whitbread Sailboat Race. In years, about 14 countries entered sailboats in the race. Each year’s sailboat entries represent the latest technologies and human skills each country can muster. (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 304) The race has since changed its name to the Volvo Ocean Race and is run every four years. Karin has slated the first six weeks for the design of the vessel. After the design is finished, projected construction of the hull will take approximately 12 weeks. Accessories such as the mast and sail will arrive in 15 weeks. After the hull, the ballast tank should take two weeks to install. Building of the deck and coating the hull can be completed at the same time. Next all order parts should have arrived and are ready for installation by the crew. When the remaining parts have been installed, testing of the vessel can begin which should take approximately five weeks. The team leaders show a projection of cost starting at $3,152,000 for the race under normal conditions, this would require approximately 50 weeks to complete the project. The team also has a crash time projection and cost of an alternate plan in case of delays or other unforeseen circumstances. However, based on those projections the project could be finished in 42 weeks with a budget around $4.952 million. Based on the first plan from items from the Activity Chart with items A through K, which is from design to testing, the approximate cost is $2,520,000 and will take 36 weeks to complete. The component is selecting a crew, once the crew is selected and equipment purchased. The crew must develop a sailing program as well as a maintenance program must began, this take approximately 15 weeks. After the initial training, the sea trials will take approximately 8 weeks. At this point from M to S of the Activity Chart the cost is approximately $270,000. The operating expense of both boats is $162,000; $60, 000 for the old boat and $102,000 for the new boat. The direct cost of the sea trials will be $200,000 and the indirect cost is $48,000 for the use of the boat. The schedule from design to the sea trials is 44 weeks, the schedule time of 46 weeks from training the crew to the sea trials. This means that scheduled time must be reduced in order to reach the goal and arrive at the starting point on time to begin the race. Plan to Reduce Project Duration The initial cost of the current schedule will cost approximately $3.152 million and will take approximately 50 weeks to finish. The current project estimates are under budget, but the time frame is not acceptable. Bjorn needs to decide which activities need to be crashed, and understand the priorities of the project. The team must define the project’s scope. â€Å"Defining the project scope sets the stage for developing a project plan. Project scope is a definition of the end result or mission of your project- a product or service for your client/customer. The primary purpose is to define as clearly as possible the deliverables for the end user and to focus projects plans.† (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 100) The project scope is based on independent critical paths, design and construction. The total time for completion of this project is 46 weeks; however, the race begins in 45 weeks. Bjorn, Karin and Trygve spent the first two weeks planning and estimating the cost of the project. This leaves 43 weeks before the vessel must leave for the United Kingdom. After reviewing the Activity Chart items A-S, the project plan is refined by developing a plan to see which cost estimates should be crashed to meet their current deadline. This critical plan runs activities A, B, C, G, R, S, and L, which will take approximately 50 weeks. This is taken in consideration comparing the maximum crash times, still does not reduce the time of the project enough to meet the time frame needed. It does however, increase the cost significantly. In order to reduce project, Bjorn must reduce the activities of the critical path. The goal is a reduction of seven weeks from 50 weeks to 43 weeks. To do so activities A, B, R, S and L must change, doing so will decrease the project time by eight weeks, activities C and G show no signs of change from either normal or crash times. Limiting activity L could save money, it has a crash cost of $250 per unit. â€Å"One of the primary jo bs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs among time, cost, and performance. To do so, project managers must define and understand the nature of the priorities of the project† (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 103) this is done by using a project priority matrix. In the case of Whitbread Sailboat Race, time is a fixed factor. The delivery of a crew and vessel are pertinent to the race. The race has a fixed start time that cannot be missed, to do so would mean the project has failed. The cost is higher, the crew and vessel are of higher qualities, which is need for the performance needed to win the race. â€Å"Reducing quality is always an option, but it is rarely accepted or used. If quality is sacrificed, it may be possible to reduce the time of an activity on the critical path.† (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 287) A two week reduction in the hull design would compromise the performance of the vessel based on the quality used. This reduction could result in a defeat in the race, since the best design was not used and could always increase flaws in the construction of the vessel. To create crash time, the building of the hull should overlap the designs final stages. The overlapping of these activities would provide time for activities outsid e the critical path. The current team is already on hand to save money and avoid hiring other crew. Authorization of overtime would be the easiest way to maintain the time constraints and eliminates the need for personnel that are unfamiliar with the project to be hired. This would provide additional crash time. The project manager must maintain the critical path and crash times to achieve the success of the project. Project Closure Approach To begin the project closure a project audit must be performed. The project audit has three major tasks. 1) Evaluate if the project delivered the expected benefits to all stakeholders. Was the project managed well? Was the customer satisfied? 2) Assess what was done wrong and what contributed to successes. 3) Identify changes to improve the delivery of future projects. (Gray-Larson, 2005, p. 461) The two project audits are in-process project audits or post-project audits. The in-process project audit checks the project progress and performance, and then allows for any change that may be needed. The post-project audit consists of the completed project, making improvements for any future projects. Although these audits cost time and money they should be done quickly, to ensure that resources are not wasted. In-process audit can create friction within the project, so it should be performed carefully to maintain the project team morale. It should provide both positive and constructive feedback, and should be performed by an independent audit group to maintain it’s not bias. After each audit, information has been collected and analyzed to see what needs to be changed and any improvements recommended. As the project comes to the close. The closing stages will begin. After the vessel has been built, the old vessel must be off-loaded. The crew will begin work on the new vessel. The old vessel must be sailed to the home port. After the construction has been completed the building crew can be downsized. Since several were specialist in their craft, their services are no longer needed. The implementation phase of the project, each member of the crew is encouraged to keep working journals. The journals will provide a record of the high and low of the project from beginning to the end. The journals may be used for future information and data for future projects. After the vessel is completed the old vessel must be returned. After the trials are complete, and celebration will be planned to accumulate the closure of the project for the crew and staff. The planned celebration is just the beginning before the crew sets sail to the United Kingdom for the Whitbread Sailboat Race. The new vessel and crew will sail to the Thames River in England. At this point in the project the project has reached completion. The journals have been collected and Bjorn will have to compile a final report with the help of the crew. This report will provide in detail the overall expense of the project. The time table it has taken to complete each step of the project. The report should document best practices and lessons learned by the crew for the duration of the project. These will provide a road map for future project managers to follow. The report should shed light on the time table, and show that the program must be started sooner, because 45 weeks is not enough time to launch the project successfully. Each report will provide pertinent information for future project manager, demonstrating from start to finish the best practice for the Whitbread Sailboat Race. From selecting a project manager, crew, design, to sailing to the end of the race. Project Closure consists of develo ping a plan, selection of a crew, communication of plan and plan implementation. The following questions should be answered. 1) What tasks are required to close the project? 2) Who will be responsible for these tasks? 3) When will closure begin and end? 4) How will the project be delivered? After these questions have been answered, implementation of the close down plan is the next step. The plan includes five activities, 1) Getting delivery acceptance from the customer. 2) Shutting down resources and releasing to new uses. 3) Reassigning project team members. 4) Closing accounts and seeing all bills are paid. 5) Evaluating the project team, project team members, and the project manager. These evaluations are essential to the successful closure of the project. Conclusion Bjorn Ericksen, the project manager has selected the best team possible. With his follow crew members Karin Knutsen and Trygve Wallvik. Bjorn shares his two parallel paths running through the project-design and construction and crew training. This critical path network has developed a time line of 43 weeks; the critical path will take 50 weeks. Bjorn decided to apply crash time to certain activities on the critical path to regain 7 weeks to make the schedule of 43 weeks. If the 7 weeks are not regained the project deadline or beginning of the race will have passed, meaning the project has failed. After the completion of the project the deadline has been met, the project has gone over budget. In some case this would be unacceptable; the cost is not a factor. The successful project used overtime to speed efforts with staffing. After the celebration was complete, Bjorn and his crew prepare for the nine month journey around the world. Bjorn team should be prepared to design build and sai l the vessel to a successful victory. After the race has been finished, performance reviewed, they will be prepared to compete and possibly defend in next year’s race. References Gray, C. and Larson, E. (2005). Project management: the managerial process (3rd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Gray, C. and Larson, E. (2005). Project management: the managerial process (3rd ed.). Whitbread World Sailboat Race: Case Study New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Volvo Ocean Race. Retrieved on September 10, 2008 from volvooceanrace.org/ . Table 1 Optimal Solution Implementation Plan Action Item Deliverable Timeline Who is Responsible Kickoff meeting 7 days Bjorn Ericksen Estimated cost project schedule 14 days after the initial kick-off Bjorn Ericksen, Karin Knutsen, Trygve Wallvik Sailboat design Week 3-9 Karin Knutsen Crew Selection Week 3 Trygve Wallvik Secure Housing Week 3 Crew Construction of Hull Week 12 Karin Knutsen Order Mast Week 8 Karin Knutsen Order Sail Week 6 Karin Knutsen Order Accessories Week 15 Karin Knutsen Routine Sail and Maintenance Week 15 Trygve Wallvik Order Crew Equipment Week 15 Trygve Wallvik Deliver Boat and Crew Week 45 Trygve Wallvik Return Old Boat Week 23 Crew Project Celebration Week 44 Crew Project Closure Week 48 Bjorn Ericksen Research Papers on Project Plan for Whitbread World Sailboat RaceThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesResearch Process Part OneLifes What IfsOpen Architechture a white paper19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles

This would be a good thing according to conflict theorists, who believe that the male exploitation of women is detrimental to society; any sort of exploitation of rich to poor, male to female, must be deconstructed. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles† supports the rising number of traditional gender roles being reversed in today’s society. However, just because the roles are switched, does not mean that true gender equality exists. Social norms establish the privileges and responsibilities a certain status may occupy. Females and males, mothers and fathers are all statuses with distinct role requirements that are perceived as â€Å"normal† to society. The status of a mother includes ‘expected’ roles involving love, caretaking, duties in the kitchen, etc. The status of a father primarily includes the expected role of a breadwinner. The huge increase of women in the workforce, an achieved status, may unfortunately lead to the experience of Durkheim’s concept anomie, or uncertainty of rules/norms in a society. These ‘traditional norms’ have begun to change, but new ones have not yet developed, â€Å"To put it simply, because we’re not there yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kathleen Gerson, quoted in article). So why does gender inequality persist even though men and women are not tied to traditional roles as they were in earlier times? Conflict theorists argue that women are at a disadvantage because of the inequalities built into the social structure. This social structure ‘built’ into society refers to the agents of socialization that have structured what it means to be gendered-female and gendered-male; gender roles are learned through the socialization process. Children learn proper behavior for girls and boys, first—and most crucially—through parents, then the media (Disney movies) and finally peer groups or other sources of socialization. Even at an early age, children develop stereotypical notions of both genders and then use those notions to systematize their thoughts and behavior. However today, the media puts out ideas that are inconsistent with ideas of family or education and so it is directly antagonistic to the other important institutions in society. These pre-conceived ideas of gender-typical behavior have prevented individuals from truly assuming the identity of a reversed role, â€Å"Men have a sense of esteem, of identity that comes with being the provider†¦Women don’t get the same identity benefit — there’s a sense that one has a double burden. † (Barbara Rissman, quoted in article). The author clearly struggled with her new gendered-male role. She wasn’t prepared for the role conflict she would experience in partaking a ‘man’s role’, â€Å"I didn’t think I’d feel so guilty, or derelict in my womanly duties, when my husband is quick to comfort our fussy 4-month-old—or reminds me where we keep the muffin tin. Or that I’d feel so much chest-tightening pressure when I monitor our bills. † (Dunleavey). When asked, â€Å"Did your concept of ‘equality’ ever include supporting the family? †, the author had to admit her answer was no. Women have consistently complained and fought for equality— but is that what they really wanted? Now that we have it, we are â€Å"seething — with uncertainty, resentment, anxiety and frustration. † (Dunleavey) The pre-ordained notions of what is right vs. wrong, female vs. male that have been engrained in our heads from early childhood and then through constant resocialization over the years, have prevented some of us from truly being equal, even when we are on the surface—equal. A conflict theorist would point out for this case, that the need to eliminate inequalities does not just include eliminating the suffering of those on the bottom, but eliminating the suffering of those on the top as well. Despite the increase of women in the labor force and the now blurred boundaries of gender discriminations, men and women live in a society where the demands of balancing work and parenting are unsettled. Women were not prepared for what true equality would actually entail—but can we blame them? Literature Cited: Dunleavey, M. P. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles. † The New York Times 27 January 2007, Section C 1:1. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/01/27/business/27instincts. html A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles This would be a good thing according to conflict theorists, who believe that the male exploitation of women is detrimental to society; any sort of exploitation of rich to poor, male to female, must be deconstructed. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles† supports the rising number of traditional gender roles being reversed in today’s society. However, just because the roles are switched, does not mean that true gender equality exists. Social norms establish the privileges and responsibilities a certain status may occupy. Females and males, mothers and fathers are all statuses with distinct role requirements that are perceived as â€Å"normal† to society. The status of a mother includes ‘expected’ roles involving love, caretaking, duties in the kitchen, etc. The status of a father primarily includes the expected role of a breadwinner. The huge increase of women in the workforce, an achieved status, may unfortunately lead to the experience of Durkheim’s concept anomie, or uncertainty of rules/norms in a society. These ‘traditional norms’ have begun to change, but new ones have not yet developed, â€Å"To put it simply, because we’re not there yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kathleen Gerson, quoted in article). So why does gender inequality persist even though men and women are not tied to traditional roles as they were in earlier times? Conflict theorists argue that women are at a disadvantage because of the inequalities built into the social structure. This social structure ‘built’ into society refers to the agents of socialization that have structured what it means to be gendered-female and gendered-male; gender roles are learned through the socialization process. Children learn proper behavior for girls and boys, first—and most crucially—through parents, then the media (Disney movies) and finally peer groups or other sources of socialization. Even at an early age, children develop stereotypical notions of both genders and then use those notions to systematize their thoughts and behavior. However today, the media puts out ideas that are inconsistent with ideas of family or education and so it is directly antagonistic to the other important institutions in society. These pre-conceived ideas of gender-typical behavior have prevented individuals from truly assuming the identity of a reversed role, â€Å"Men have a sense of esteem, of identity that comes with being the provider†¦Women don’t get the same identity benefit — there’s a sense that one has a double burden. † (Barbara Rissman, quoted in article). The author clearly struggled with her new gendered-male role. She wasn’t prepared for the role conflict she would experience in partaking a ‘man’s role’, â€Å"I didn’t think I’d feel so guilty, or derelict in my womanly duties, when my husband is quick to comfort our fussy 4-month-old—or reminds me where we keep the muffin tin. Or that I’d feel so much chest-tightening pressure when I monitor our bills. † (Dunleavey). When asked, â€Å"Did your concept of ‘equality’ ever include supporting the family? †, the author had to admit her answer was no. Women have consistently complained and fought for equality— but is that what they really wanted? Now that we have it, we are â€Å"seething — with uncertainty, resentment, anxiety and frustration. † (Dunleavey) The pre-ordained notions of what is right vs. wrong, female vs. male that have been engrained in our heads from early childhood and then through constant resocialization over the years, have prevented some of us from truly being equal, even when we are on the surface—equal. A conflict theorist would point out for this case, that the need to eliminate inequalities does not just include eliminating the suffering of those on the bottom, but eliminating the suffering of those on the top as well. Despite the increase of women in the labor force and the now blurred boundaries of gender discriminations, men and women live in a society where the demands of balancing work and parenting are unsettled. Women were not prepared for what true equality would actually entail—but can we blame them? Literature Cited: Dunleavey, M. P. â€Å"A Breadwinner Rethinks Gender Roles. † The New York Times 27 January 2007, Section C 1:1. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/01/27/business/27instincts. html

Critically discuss using empirical evidence, the various reasons for Essay

Critically discuss using empirical evidence, the various reasons for Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example The effect of FDI on host economies has been the subject of extensive research. As pointed out by Hanson (2001), both theory and empirical evidence provide mixed results on the net welfare effect of inward FDI on recipient countries. The attitude towards inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has changed considerably over the last couple of decades, as most countries have liberalized their policies to attract investments from foreign multinational corporations (MNCs). In fact FDI has proved to be resilient during financial crises. For instance, in East Asian countries, such investment was remarkably stable during the global financial crisis of 1997-98. This crisis mainly involved four basic problems (CRS Report, 1998): Economists argue that the primary cause of the crisis was too much government intervention in economic activity, leading to misdirected and inefficient investments in both public and private projects. As an aftereffect of the crisis short-term capital inflows were viewed as unstable and thus dangerous; long-term capital movements were seen as stable and thus desirable. Therefore an emphasis was put on de-emphasizing short-term capital inflows and encouraging long-term capital inflows, especially FDI which was seen as directly enhancing domestic productive capabilities. There’s one school of thought which puts the blame for this crisis on FDI itself. They argue that the crisis had shown that over-reliance on FDI carried its own dangers. Rapid FDI inflows had been a major factor enabling these countries to maintain their overvalued exchange rates. No doubt such exchange rates helped keep domestic inflation under control, but they also increased East Asian vulnerability to specu lative attacks. And therefore it was the drying up of FDI, largely as a result of competition from lower wage countries (especially China) and the mobility of regional investment by

Case Study 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 - Case Study Example Furthermore, his elevated blood pressure exposes him to hastened brain aging, due to developing brain injury. Continued smoking will noticeably increase his risk of experiencing heart disease, since the nicotine raises his blood pressure considerably, even as his arteries narrow. Moreover, his fasting glucose of 172 can lead to pathogenesis of his hypertension, through enhancement of kidney disease, or otherwise vascular stiffness. The deterioration of his Lipid is due to his dietary habits, possibly use of diverse dietary fats, greater use of refined sugar, coupled with lack of physical activity. Therefore, the main objective of treatment for Patient X is to lower his blood pressure to around 140/90 and even lower, given that he has diabetes. Treating hypertension is vital for reducing Patient X risk of undergoing stroke, heart attack, or even heart failure. Accordingly, a plan of weight loss in conjunction with moderate, but self directed physical activity, offers a good groundwork by convincing him that such measures are beneficial. Weight loss will enable him to increase his HDL cholesterol, and as a result decrease harmful form of LDL cholesterol plus triglycerides. It is therefore important to encourage him that, even a modest level of weight-loss of around 5-10 percent of his entire weight, may positively reduce his blood pressure and increase his body sensitivity to insulin, in addition to reducing his central obesity ( National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 7). An individualized eating plan will be helpful, since it is tailored to his personal likes plus dislikes. Aerobic exercise will help him to maintain and put in lean body mass, muscle tissue, and simultaneously losing fat. For instance, a walking program is easier, like walking 40 minutes daily for a few days within a week, as this will lower his blood pressure,

An exploration of the way Shakespeare presents Claudius to the audience Essay Example for Free

An exploration of the way Shakespeare presents Claudius to the audience Essay The title of William Shakespeares Hamlet, would at first suggested its eponymous hero, Hamlet, is the major character. However, in a sense the whole play evolves around the character and actions of Claudius. Shakespeare has presented Claudius in a phrase as a smiling damned villain, whose greed and selfishness lead the way to his tragic killing of the King. This sums up Claudius excellently, as he has two sides to him, one the public side, smiling and the other the private side damned villain. Claudius starts his opening speech as king by saying, Though yet of Hamlet our dear brothers death (Act I Scene II, Line1) which creates the impression that his brothers death upsets him, but later it is revealed that he was the cause of it. This links in with the theme of seeming and being, where it appears that he is grieving but is actually not. Shakespeare has used seeming and being repeatedly to show the audience that, deception is one of the major parts of the play: My words fly up, my thoughts remain below words without thoughts never to heaven go. (Act III Scene V, Lines 97-8), This is Claudius confession where he tricks the audience and Hamlet into believing he wants forgiveness, but then find out it is not true. This is further highlighted when Claudius is speaking to Hamlet: here in the cheer and comfort of our eye(Act I Scene II, Line116). Again it appears as though Claudius is being caring and wants to look after him, in a way like a father would, but he has said this very cleverly and in reality implies that he wants to keep an eye on him. By using the Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School words comfort and cheer, Claudius is seen to be passionate and genuine, and the way Shakespeare has presented him to be this skilled politician is essential to his character, as he uses his wit to get himself out of awkward situations. Claudius in several parts of the play uses the word our to manipulate people. In this case, it seems as though he means for him and Gertrude to keep and eye on Hamlet, but in reality he could perhaps be implying, if Hamlet was to do something wrong the whole state could be a witness. Claudius very cleverly uses the term our again at the end of the play: our son shall win(Act V Scene II, Line 190), which gives the impression that Hamlet and Claudius have settled their problems. He has very cleverly switched his attitude from your son to our son as the play progresses, purely because of his public appearance. Also he could have perhaps said this so that when Hamlet dies he would not be a suspect, as he seems so genuine and loving towards Hamlet. When Claudius says your son, he usually says it when he has done something wrong, and implies it is your son your problem. The image of heaven and God is often related to Claudius, not referring to him as a God, but Hamlet uses his father to make bold Claudius lustful character when he says: so excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr. (Act I Scene II Line 139 and 140) Here Hamlet very precisely sums up Claudius in comparison to his father because a Hyperion was a glorious sun-god of classical mythology; a satyr was a creature half man half goat. Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School. The fact that Hamlet refers Claudius to a goat is effective because the goat is seen to be a very lusty animal, and this information along with a lot of other quotes: incestuous and adulterous beast, (Act I Scene V Line 42) a serpent stung me (Act I Scene V, Line 36) gives the audience an animalistic perception of him. The fact that Shakespeare has said serpent stung is ironic as a serpent cannot sting and this makes the quote stand out, as it is eye-catching and alliteration is used here, and the image of a snake or reptile immediately comes to mind. Also, the sibilance here is a s, which is a connotation of evil. Claudius is again compared with God, when Polonius is talking to Claudius, he says: I hold my duty as I hold my soul, both to my God and my gracious king. (Act II Scene II, Line 44 and 45), because he uses Gods name in the same sentence as the kings is ironic because in the past the king was seen to be appointed by God, therefore anything a king was to say had to be obeyed. This is ironic because, in this situation Claudius did not inherit the throne the natural way, and had to commit a vile murder of his own brother to get it. This once more shows his greed and selfishness, as he killed his brother to inherit his possessions: My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen (Act III Scene III, Line 55). He has worded this sentence, mentioning his crown first, implying it means the most to him, and then at the end his queen, which shows he doesnt care as much about her however it does show that he has some feelings for her even though he is portrayed as this selfish character. Repetition is used here, and this sentence stands out and shows Claudius greed as all he is saying is my, my, my. Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School Shakespeare uses repetition a great deal in Claudius speech, and in this case he uses it to outline Claudius intelligence, like any politician, he uses rhetoric as a way to manipulate people: your father lost a father, that father lost (Act I Scene II, Line 89 and 90), here he is trying to persuade Hamlet that its all part of the circle of life. This is important as it outlines his guilt that Hamlet is grieving for his father so much, and in a way is trying to make him stop mourning to make himself feel better. He even digs so low as he says to Hamlet, you grieving so much is a sin: tis a fault to heaven, a fault against the dead, a fault to nature (Act I Scene II, Line 101 2). Moreover, he again gives himself away unconsciously as he tries so hard to make Hamlet stop grieving. Shakespeare has presented Claudius as a skilled politician in this sentence because again he structures it in three parts, and again repetition is used, to make bold the main point he is trying to get across; your grieving is wrong. Claudius also uses Hamlets vulnerability as a chance to show his power. He refers to Hamlet as being weak and fragile: A heart unfortified, a mind impatient, An understanding simple and unschoold (Act I Scene II, Line 96 and 97). The fact that he has used the words unfortified and impatient, makes this sentence more interesting because he shows his power and intelligence by degrading Hamlet. He says he lacks patience and is very weak, and is not educated. Claudius is portrayed by Shakespeare, to exploit all situations with his language. In this case, he uses very negative words and the effect is it shows him in power over Hamlet. Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School His power is also shown in his opening speech as king. Here Shakespeare has showed him as very powerful and in control by dealing with all his issues one-by-one. This is a very structured speech and it creates a strong impression on the audience as they see him as a man of control. What wouldst thou beg, Laertes that shall not be my offer not thy asking? (Act I Scene II, Line 45 and 46) Here he is just showing off his power saying what can you ask for that I will not already offer. Shakespeare has added this part in to make him seem passionate and a loyal king. Again, appearance and reality comes into play, as it seems as thought he is doing it to help Laertes, but could perhaps be doing it to show his power. The theme of seeming and being again reoccurs as Claudius is confessing, where he is seen to be legitimate, but again says things he doesnt mean: My words fly up my thoughts remain below, words without thoughts never to heaven go. (Act III Scene V, Line 97 and 98) Claudius deceit is portrayed here, as he is asking for forgiveness but he does not mean it, he cannot even be truthful whilst in prayer. This could have been an act of fright from Claudius as he is now aware that Hamlet knows the truth. This scene is very significant because it shows Claudius for his true colours, a coward. His character is now becoming more apparent to the audience, who now have something to build upon. Rhyming couplets is used here, and Shakespeare uses this a lot at the end of long speeches or scenes and is used as a sort of cue point, to let the other characters aware of when to come in. This line can be shown in many different ways. In the Kenneth Branagh version, Claudius is in a catholic confession box, with some low Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School melancholy music in the background, and the camera is slowly zooming in on his face. Which creates a more dramatic effect and a more personal tone, and when this line is due, he does not say it but thinks it. In the Franco Zefereli version he is in front of a cross. Franco Zaferelli similarly uses a cross symbolising the same religious meaning as the confessional. Claudius change in character is again shown through his confession speech. A different side to him is shown, perhaps because he is now aware that Hamlet knows the truth, and now asks for forgiveness. Is there not rain enough in the sweet heavens to wash it white as snow? (Act III Scene V, Line 46) The language in this sentence is very powerful as Claudius uses natural elements, rain and snow, to outline his sin. Claudius graphic description of his sin is strong evidence, and his desire to temptation leaves him tormented by his guilty conscience. Also, because Claudius uses the colour white, it makes him seem more pure and guilty, as white is a connotation of purity, and a blank slate. In the Branagh version, he whispers this line and the audience see him as being honest and this effect is it makes him seem more apologetic. Although Claudius is portrayed as this corrupted villain, his character is wide open to interpretation. In a sense that although he killed his brother to marry Gertrude, he still has strong feelings for her: She is so conjunctive to my life and soul That, as the star moves not but in his sphere, I could not buy her(Act V Scene VII, Line 14-16). Here Claudius uses the earth and the planets to state his love for Gertrude, and implies that without her he would not be able to do anything. Although Shakespeare has Pritesh Kotecha Greenford High School. presented him to have strong feelings towards Gertrude, his greed and selfishness overrule his love for her: Gertrude do not drink [aside] It is the poisond cup. It is too late. (Act V Scene II, Lines 294 296) Just because he wants to get his own way, he jeopardizes her life and throughout the play, his actions lead to the death of seven innocent people, because he cannot resist his temptation and has to cover up his crime. In conclusion, Claudius is portrayed as a good king with bad qualities. Although he does have some good aspects as king, him being intellectual and powerful, his bad qualities over weigh his good. In a sense that, he is greedy and selfish, putting his own desire first, and going to any limits to reach his goal. Shakespeare has presented him excellently, with witchcraft of his wit(Act I Scene V, Line 43) allowing him to conceal his true colours, except for when he repented and confessed to God. Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses one good quote to define his character as; smiling damned villain(Act I Scene V, Line 106), as it shows that he has two sides to him in every way, public and private, caring and selfish, and cleaver but not very wise.